Management and the Cultural Industries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management and the Cultural Industries - Essay Example Music industry has as well attracted many followers and new artists are coming up every now and then hoping to make a living out of it. Features of music industry Diversity Music is one industry that has attracted people from all walks of life. No one is taken to be an alien in music since it incorporates all and inspires all regardless of gender, race, tribe or even age. It is so diverse that anyone can choose what they want to listen to (Abraham, 1974, p.292). It is not limited to only one theme but is diversified to accommodate all people so that everyone feels accommodated in this industry. Use of rhythms Any song produced is characterised by a certain way of presenting the lyrics to the audience. This way matters a lot since some musicians may sing off key and thus their music may not sell much. It is the organization of the beats and singing in a rhythmical way that makes all the difference. One can’t just present a song in any way and expect to change the audience. One rule should be: ‘present with audience in mind’. Practical Music is so applicable in our day to day lives and affects the way we lead our lives day in day out. One can identify with a certain song and be positively influenced maybe to stop a certain bad habit. Music is not a past tense event but one we live with thus assists in making our lives better if well applied where possible. Variety of compositional structures Music has several structures of composition since it could be solo or choir depending on the preference of the artist. Passages of homophonic chords could also be applied to make it livelier. This is could have a harmonic accompaniment which could be applied at the introduction, dynamic build up, and others at the climax (Dahlhaus, 1991, p.260). Reality of work in music cultural industry Music industry has grown pretty fast in this century as compared to how it was few decades ago. Much improvement has been made to ensure that this industry competes well w ith other industries. Players have been sensitised on how to ensure that their music is marketable and can reach many people and help them in various issues of life other than entertaining them. Players ought to concentrate very well to make sure that they are not carried away by fame and forget that music is self-employment and earns a living to them who take with the seriousness it deserves. Taking music as work is one character that will greatly assist the artists and make them realise that it needs to be taken seriously. It calls for one to work very hard and avoid many interruptions to concentrate with it. It could even land one to other side jobs such as master of ceremony in other events if taken seriously and accorded maximum concentration and dedication. In normal business life, working with dedication is suicidal to one’s business as well as life. It is imperative that business people learn to work hard just as music industry players do. Thus, a business person and one who works in the music industry get connected in that both have to work hard to their level best to ensure that they get maximum

Reality and Truth Essay Example for Free

Reality and Truth Essay Reality and truth are both so hackneyed in a commonplace manner with over-lapping ideas that they each lose their own individuality. Reality is a subjective value that reflects what characterizes our world, whether it is our individual world or the world as a whole, and its conditions. Oliver Sacks The Minds Eye: What the Blind See and Tim OBriens How to Tell a True War Story bring the relationship of truth and reality into question. OBrien openly uses the thin line between truth and reality to convey the message that truth and reality sustain a close relationship. Using examples of interpretation, cognition, and communication of a persons environment, the authors give the reader the idea that truth cannot exist without reality and vise versa. The authors tie truth and reality as interdependent. Interpretation of a certain environment unlocks the truth of the society. One society can create one truth and one reality, whereas another society creates a different reality and truth. OBrien offers many interpretations of war. War is hell, but thats not the half of it, because war is also mystery and terror and adventure and courage and discovery and holiness and pity and despair and longing and love. War is nasty; war is fun. War is thrilling; war is drudgery. War makes you a man; war makes you dead. The truths are contradictory. War is grotesque. But in truth war is also beauty. (394) OBrien beliefs give an array of meanings of war. He also emphasizes in the end, with the example of interpretations of war, that truth is contradicting. Truth is contradicting because there is more than one truth. Truths are based a persons reality, however reality is also based on truth; one cannot survive without the other. In relation with OBrien and Nafisi, Sacks also offers a truth and reality relationship. In truth, all of Sacks correspondents were partially disabled or handicapped. In order for them to feel like they are not disabled, they create imaginations, their own reality, in order to fulfill themselves as regular people in society. An individual deprived of one form of perception could totally reshape himself to find a new center, a new identity (Sacks 476). Even though Sacks says Hull, a man who lost vision in his middle age, describes himself as someone who reshapes himself, all the other patients also reshape themselves in order to live as normal people. They interpret the truth of blindness, and use it to make another reality. In the end, reality becomes truth to the people because becoming a visual person who is blind becomes true in their own world. In all texts, the authors interpret and experience truth and reality simultaneously; one concept cannot be experienced without the dependence of the other. Through forms of communication, such as language, truth and reality are shown as mutually dependent. In How to Tell a True War story, Tim OBrien recollects his experience of telling the war story and at the end of his storytelling, a woman and always a woman would approach him and tell him she liked the war story. In response, he says Ill picture Rat Kileys face, his grief, and Ill think, You dumb cooze. Because she wasnt listening. It wasnt a war story. It was a love story (396). Stereotypically, women are seen to be more sensitive than men; however, she did not empathize with him at all. He also uses the word cooze, like Rat, to show his animosity for her misunderstanding of his story. Through OBrien, he conveys that her lack of understanding meant that language was limited. She did not understand his reality, only the events of the story because he said it was true and it occurred. For OBrien, his reality is that the feelings and the understanding portrayed in the war story is the truth, and not the actual events. For this example, OBrien indicates that truth is dependent on reality. Conversely with OBrien, Nafisi and Sacks believe that communication can be limitless. For Sacks, he uses many examples of people who lost one of the five human senses who can communicate with people by amplifying the other senses. For the blind, Sacks emphasizes that they use language as a mediation to communicate. Blind children, it has often been noted, tend to be precocious verbally, and may develop such fluency in the verbal description of faces and places as to leave others (and perhaps themselves) uncertain as to whether they are actually blind (483). Sacks expresses that with the art of language, a person who is blind can be equally presented as one who is sighted. He includes (and perhaps themselves) to show that language is so powerful that it gives an alternate reality: that blind people are just as visual as sighted people. However, truth is not realized through this reality as it was through interpretation. In Sacks example, reality is dependent on truth instead, because the alternate reality of blind people are like sighted people is false. The reality Sacks conveys is that blind people only use language as a mediator. Cognition, which includes thought and memory, is described by the three authors as an example where the relationship of truth and reality exist in. Sacks discusses the thought and memories of three people. I have now read three memoirs, strikingly different in their depictions of the visual experience of blinded people: Hull with his acquiescent descent into imageless deep blindness, Torey with his compulsive visualization and meticulous construction of an internal visual world, and Tenberken with her impulsive, almost novelistic, visual freedom, and specific gift of synesthesia. (481) Here, in Sacks example, reality is dependent of truth because these three people must have been blind before they experience visualization derived from the minds eye. However, the experience each person has is different. They have a reality which becomes true to them, making truth depend on reality. The thoughts of Sacks correspondents has given them truth through reality. Like Sacks, OBrien offers truth-reality association. Rat, who is OBriens friend, refers to the fish as dead gook fish (387) and the water buffalo as a VC (Tim OBrien 393). OBrien clearly shows the gook and the VC to show Rats thought of the animals; he sees them as the enemy. The truth is that these animals cannot really be the enemy, because it would just be an absurdity. For rat, he calls the water buffalo a VC merely because he wants to exert his anger upon the baby water buffalo, which is derived from the death of his friend. By killing the VC, Rat was able to alleviate his feelings by creating the reality of killing the enemy baby buffalo. He created a reality of killing an enemy, which is developed from the truth of his friends death. With the truth of his death, a reality was created to make himself feel better. Truth in turns is also taken from reality because he really sees the animals as an enemy, which is a reality that becomes true for him.

Real Food for The Hungry Essay -- Food Science

How often do children who whine about eating their peas and carrots at the dinner table hear from their mothers, â€Å"You should appreciate the food on our table, there are starving kids in Africa.† Although parents use the preceding phrase as a guilt mechanism to trick their children into eating their veggies so they too can consume the vitamins and nutrients they need to grow, the reality behind the phrase is much deeper than most realize. People are starving in almost every part of the world and the solution to that problem has yet to be discovered. A solution that has been considered for some time now but recently has sparked more interest is the use of genetically modified foods to feed the hungry. Should genetically modified foods be trusted to be fed to the hungry? As in most arguments, there are two sides to the production on genetically modified foods. On one hand of the argument, scientists are trying to argue that GM foods are natural, grow faster, and yield a larger amount of crops during harvest. Whether or not genetically modified foods can provide more food for the hungry than a natural crop could, they come with a list of problems. Not only do they cost poor farmers a ridiculous amount of money, but they also have unsafe chemicals that affect their surroundings and, more importantly, the bodies they would be digested in. Therefore, I believe genetically modified foods are a danger to humans. Multi-national companies are pushing the engineering and selling of genetically modified foods consciously for the purpose of gaining profit. Food policy analyst Dennis T. Avery asserts that â€Å"the development of GE foods is not being driven by farmers, consumers or less-developed countries but by large multinational chemical comp... ... Modified Foods Are Not the Best Way to Feed the Hungry." Africa. Ed. Laura K. Egendorf. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Better Dead than GM-Fed?" Seedling (Oct. 2002). Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 14 Apr. 2012. Smith, Jeffrey M. "Genetically Modified Food Threatens Human Health." Humanity's Future. Ed. Louise I. Gerdes. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2006. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Genetically Engineered Foods May Pose National Health Risk." www.seedsofdeception.com. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 23 Apr. 2012. Union of Concerned Scientists. "The Safeness of Genetically Modified Foods Is Unproven." Genetic Engineering. Ed. Louise I. Gerdes. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Risks of Genetic Engineering." 2007. Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 23 Apr. 2012.

Burial Rituals of Native American Culture Essay

At some point in our lives, we all come to realize that death is a part of life. Cultural diversity provides a wide variety of lifestyles and traditions for each of the unique groups of people in our world. Within these different cultures, the rituals associated with death and burial can also be uniquely diverse. Many consider ritualistic traditions that differ from their own to be somewhat strange and often perceive them as unnatural. A prime example would be the burial rituals of the Native American people. Leslie Marmon Silko’s story entitled The Man to Send Rain Clouds describes a funeral service carried out by a Native American Pueblo family. Though many perceive the funeral service narrated in this story to be lacking in emotion and also lacking respect for the passing of their loved one, it portrays a ceremony that is quite common for the Native American communities. There is also a hint of conflict occurring between the characters in the story that are carrying out their traditions while including an outside religious figure in the ceremony. The death of an old man sets the stage for this story and tells of the way his family goes about preparing him for his journey into the afterlife. A feather is tied into the old man’s hair, his face was painted with blue, yellow, green and white paint, pinches of corn meal and pollen were tossed into the wind and finally his body was wrapped in a red blanket prior to being transported. According to Releasing the Spirit: A Lesson in Native American Funeral Rituals by Gary F. Santillanes, â€Å"Pueblo Indians care for their own dead with no funeral director involved. The family will take the deceased, usually in their truck, back to the home of the deceased and place him or her on the floor facing east to west, on a native blanket. Depending on the deceased’s stature in the tribe, his face may be painted in the traditional nature. A powdery substance is placed on the face of all the dead usually made of corn, traditional prayers and maybe dances are completed† (www. umn. du). The feather tied to his hair is a prayer feather and the painting of the face is to ensure that he will be recognized in the next world by his ancestors who have crossed over before him. The colors are representative of the earth, sky, sun and water. The sprinkling of corn meal and water are said to provide the dead with nourishment on their journey to the next world. The pollen is representative of the earth’s renewal from the rainclouds that will be sent back by the spirit of the deceased. Silko frequently refers to a â€Å"red blanket† that the old man is wrapped in for burial (149). The Native American people often leave a cord hanging from the blanket which wraps the body of the deceased and is thought to provide a way for the spirit to be released into the afterlife. All Native American cultures have strong beliefs in life after death, although the means of reaching the next life may vary from tribe to tribe. They traditionally believe that death is a part of a natural cycle in which their spirits are transported back and forth between this world and the spirit world so that they can bring renewal and new life when they return. Most consider this transition to be an honor or privilege since it will ensure the survival of their people. In Native American culture, it is believed that neglect of tribal rituals can result in death and sickness, because the spirit returns without blessings, having been unable to enter the other world. According to Who Were The Anasazi? Published by The Bureau of Land Management, â€Å"religious concepts and events were associated with seasonal tasks like farming (in spring and summer) and hunting (in fall and winter)† which would be a plausible explanation for the belief that the old man could send back rain clouds and also for cultural beliefs in the spirits returning to life (http://www. blm. gov/co/st/en/fo/ahc). Many tribes perform ceremonies which can include elaborate and colorful tribal dances. Modern rituals sometimes allow for outsiders to watch the ceremonies. During the burial process there are also practices that are more common to what many people consider to be normal. Bodies are dressed in nice clothing and some of their possessions are often placed next to them. The Native American people prepare food to be given to the families of the dead, members of the community visit to pay their respect to the deceased and at times a religious service is included. When these religious services are conducted, â€Å"they are held in churches on their native land† where â€Å"they have their native religious beliefs with their own gods† (www. umn. du). Native American â€Å"religious specialists draw wisdom from inherited traditions. Priests bring rain through ceremony and prayer. They are thought to have a special level of communication with the spirits† (www. umn. edu). The Native American culture often frowns upon outside religious rituals such as last rites being included in the ceremonies. This is thought to be partly because of the controversy surrounding the invasion of Catholics upon their land and partly because they believe that it will impair the transition into the afterlife and condemn the soul of the deceased. Pallbearers are employed to transport the bodies to the grave site, but in several tribes, no one else is allowed to touch the body or the grave. The pallbearers must eventually go through a cleansing ritual following the burial. Regardless of our cultural heritage, treating our loved ones with respect, tradition and dignity is usually our primary concern. Though we may not understand the practices of other cultures, it does not mean that methods by which burials are conducted are any less spiritual or correct. We all tend to believe in our own gods and the fact that there will be something else waiting for us when we pass from the world in which we exist. We all feel the need to make sure that our loved ones are properly prepared for their journey by whatever means our traditions dictate. The only differences seem to be the methods in which we believe will help us make that transition. There is no doubt that family cohesion and socioeconomic status play an important role in the overall success of the transition but with the proper support system, even those in disadvantaged communities can make the best of a bad situation.

A drowning experience

Drowning Experience Tommy had Just learnt how to swim and was eager to demonstrate his newly acquired skills to his best friends. Immediately after school, he invited his friends, Gary and John, â€Å"Shall we go swimming at the crystal clear lake behind my flat tomorrow morning? † His friends nodded readily. Tom's mother had warned him about the dangers but his bursting desire to show off got the better of him and he simply cast her words to the winds. The next morning, the sun shone brilliantly across the glistening water, casting olden shadows dancing on the lake.The boys gathered punctually at the lake bank. They quickly stripped down to their swimming trunks and Jumped into the water. They waded merrily and frolicked in the water and laughed boisterously as the water hit their faces. Tommy suddenly made a suggestion, â€Å"Shall we compete and see who reach the other end of the lake first? † Before Tommy could finish his words, the other two boys had already taken up the challenge and started swimming right away. Just when Tommy was about to get ready, he felt an acute pain on his left thigh ut ignored it.However, seconds later, the pain accentuated and his left leg began to feel numb and heavy. Seized by panic, Tommy started thrashing in the water to stay afloat but he felt like a fast sinking ship and swallowed many gulps of water. Presently, he waved his hands frantically and screamed hysterically, â€Å"Help me! † Gary and John turned around and their blood froze at the hair-raising sight. Fortunately, they quickly got a grip on themselves and swam towards their distressed friend with very ounce of their strength.With Gary and John's concerted efforts, Tommy was finally dragged onto shore. However, Tommy's face had already turned ghastly pale and he was rendered unconscious. Worst, his leg was bleeding profusely. Without a moment to spare, Gary raced to pick up his shorts, ransacked its pockets and found his mobile phone. He immedi ately dialed for an ambulance. Shortly, the wail of the sirens could be heard. The paramedics bandaged Tommy's wound, lifted him onto a stretcher and carried im into the ambulance and it sped off.Gary also informed Tommy's mother. At the hospital, a doctor swiftly attended to Tommy. When Tommy's mother arrived, the doctor explained to her that Tommy was bitten by a sea snake and he had purged its venom from Tommy's body. Tommy's mother thanked Gary and John for their alertness and quick-wittedness. When Tommy finally came around, he teared uncontrollably, seeking forgiveness from his mother for his defiance. It was a close shave for Tommy and he would not forget that fateful day.

010 Ethos and Audience Professor Ramos Blog

010 Ethos and Audience Ethos Quick Write Ethos Ethos is about values. In rhetoric we connect ethos to  character, credibility, and trustworthiness.  At their core, these concepts have to do with values. We tend to believe and trust those individuals who exemplify the values we cherish, who live the sort of life that we would want to live.  Ethos Handout from University of Maryland Ethos is inferred, NOT possessed. Five strategies for persuading through character. Personal info Sources Identification with Audience Point of View Balanced Presentation 5 Ways to Persuade with Character (Ethos) | How to Craft an Argument Presidential Hats Trump in Cowboy Hat Obama in Cowboy Hat Bush in Cowboy Hat Using Rhetoric Notes Ethos Research Unbiased Pathos Emotional Storytelling So What? Logos Logical History Facts Statistics Evidence Authority/Pros Background Include the Conversation What argument is she making? How does she build Ethos? How does she use pathos? How does she use logos? Understanding Audience Audience is quite possibly the most important thing to consider when writing an argument. You need to appeal to them, understand their problems, values, and beliefs, in order to convince them of your point of view. Who your audience is should influence  how  you present your argument. Who your audience is should influence  how  you present yourself. Who is your audience? Determine what is important to your audience. What do they really care about? What do they value? Are your reasons in line with those values? Argumentative Essay Arguing a Solution to a Problem Position. Take a clear position on an arguable topic. Reasons. Develop main reasons, keeping audience in mind. Evidence. Support all reasons with strong research. Opposition. Acknowledge the opposing argument and take it out. Agree or Disagree with a Reading from our Textbook Summarize the article and argument. Agree or Disagree but add something. Incorporate research to argue your position. Take a Position on a Controversial Topic Present the controversial topic. Give pro arguments. Give con arguments. Take a position. Integrate research to argue your position.

Fundamental Aspects of Business †Business Essay

Fundamental Aspects of Business – Business Essay Free Online Research Papers Fundamental Aspects of Business Business Essay During the developing of industry and economy, there become more and more opportunities for people to have their own business and a great number of people really want to attempt to do it. But before you start doing your business, how much do you know about it? Do you realize what business exactly is and how does it works. Today I am going to introduce some very basic knowledge about business such as the fundamental facets and the main factors of different types of business, also a discussion of the different objectives between those different businesses. First of all, a business is about a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it. (Handout) It concern to many business objectives including profit, share price, environment, sales, long term survival and so on. But basically there are five fundamental facets of a business you must know, they are: 1. Your Products/Services: You must have very clear idea about what are you offering to the consumer, what advantages you have with your product or service and why you are strong in it. And to found your weakness is also important and then you should work hard to understand the reason of your incomplete even you could not fix it. This would help you to be more clearly about your current situation. Another factor is you may have to decide how to delivery your product would be the most efficiency way. Furthermore, after you made a decision about what are you going to offer the customers, you may face some problems, for instance the customer wants something you do not have, at this moment I recommend you to help them to find the goods they want even you probably have to send them to a other supplier, but don’t worry, your behavior would made you very impressive to the customer and that could increase your reputation. Moreover, when you considered all the factors such as the cost of produce and deliver for each product also the overhead, you have to give a very reasonable price; consumer could accept it and you can make profit at the same time. 2. The Customer Universe: By some successful case you could learn that if you want to gain more buyers, first you must know who are they, this means you can not address to all class of people, at less you are not being a supper powerful company. M S could be such an appropriate example here, they use to sell more options goods than nowadays, but they stop it and began to focus on the middle class since they found that did not make more profit. In addition, what methods you are going to use to know how your customer thought about your work is extraordinary important no matter they are satisfy or not, it really gives you a clearly indicator. So you should use all the effective ways to do this including doing surveys and sending questionnaires, especially doing this by the Internet. In a word, confirm which segment do you want to address and than be as close as you can with them. 3. The Market Landscape: Primarily you have to understand the meaning of market niches; it means a special area of demand for a product or service in the market. And than you have to make sure your position in it by collecting many concerned data. After you know your quotient in the market, you may start to consider about your competitors situation during the comparison you made. Now you have to think about your competitors details, like do they offer the same product/services as you and what is their strengths and weaknesses, can you learn their positive and do your best to avoid their negative. 4. Your Financial Position: In this case, you may have to investigate your business to make sure how your financial position like is it big wealth or a bit embarrassed. That really correlate to your business closely, it could gives you the opportunity to change your goals and directions. For example the income and expense projections, investment in research etc. these all concern to your financial position. 5. Your Organization: Just like your products/service, you should realise what are the major strengths and weaknesses of your organization. Than you must to make sure the people in place is whom you need in order to make your business successful, and they also ought to have ideas, issues and upcoming changes in their circumstances that should be taken into consideration in business planning. You may define as business which activity has these five facets. And the role of business in society a critical and complex issue today. After the description of the fundamental facets of business, I would like to provide some information about the different types of businesses. First of all, the types of business could separate into two sectors, private and public. In the public sector, all the business activity is owned, financed and controlled by the nation through the government or local authorities. Generally there are four kinds of business; Number one is the Government, whom is the key departments set policy and monitor implementation. Number two is the Local Authorities which including Country Council, District Councils and Parish Councils. Third one is the Health Trusts (NHS). And the last one is Public Corporations such as BBC. All of these public sector activities have objectives, for instance, the Access, which means they are available to all regardless of location or income. Another is Quality, which means they provide high quality services that do not cut corners. Also Affordability, this is a services offered at prices that are cheaper than private sector or free at the point of use. Lastly, Equity is also an important parts which means it is available to anyone whatever their background, status, income, class, race, religion, etc. In the society, there is a great number of establishment belong to the public, such as roads, paths and parks, museums, schools, allotments, waste disposal and so on. Private sector of business is owned, financed and controlled often by private individuals. In my opinion, it is more complicated because there is more range of types of business. 1. Sole Traders, this must be owned, financed and controlled by one individual but can employ other staff and also this is very common in local building firms, small shops and restaurant. Because it is very easy to set up and you can keep all the profits, you can make key decisions by yourself and obviously you have a high degree of control. Also it has very much flexibility, less people are easier to make some change. And it has an ability to offer personal service, the reason is there are only few customers have to be serve at one time. In the other hand, a sole trader may face some problems particular easy to happened on them. Unlimited Liability, this means the trader has the liable for all the debt and I think this makes it quite challenged; solely responsible always could compose a pressure. And this kind of business will be ceases once the owner dies. 2. Partnerships, which is bound by the terms of the partnership act 1890 and it is owned, financed and controlled by upwards of 2 partners in terms of agreed through contract, it is very common in professions such as lawyers, accountants, architects, surveyors and so on. There are several positive things of this type of business. Firstly, Partnerships has a greater access to capital. Secondly, it provides a greater opportunity for specialization. Thirdly, a shared responsibility could improve people’s incentive. The negative thing is, this is an unlimited liability but since 2001, Partnerships can apply to be limited partnerships. All the partners liable for the debts of the others and the partnership dissolved on death of one partner. Potential for conflict could make a big problem, the reason is that would make the company very hard to achieve an agreement. Especially one partner could bind on the rest when making a decision. This is also a limited access to capital. 3. Limited Companies. Which could separate into Private Limited Company (Ltd) and Public Limited Company (PLC). Both of these companies must to register with registrar of companies at Companies House. Also there is a memorandum of association must be signed, it is about the details of the nature, purpose and structure of the company. And you must get a certificate of incorporation, it allows the company to trade. All the shareholders have limited liability; it means if your company is going into liquidation, you can only lose what you agreed to put into the company rather than your personal liability. Here is some special policy to those two types of limited companies. Ltd generally constitutes by 2 or more shareholders but single member, but individual articles of association may stipulate max number of shareholders. And the shares can only transferred on agreement of all shareholders. The PLC is owned by minimum of 2 but no maximum number of shareholders and the shares can be traded publicly on the Stock Exchange. The firm also has a separate legal identity, it means the company can sue and be sued instead of person. But the PLC is more complex to set up, because you must supply a minimum share capital of fifty thousand pounds. Obviously, the distinct different between these two types of business is that the Ltd can have only one shareholder. At last of the part of Limited Companies, I would like to provide some issues. Firstly there could be a divorce between ownership and control. Secondly is there is a potential for diseconomies of scale, for example the communication, decision making, etc. Thirdly as a limited company, you must publish your accounts. And here is some more issues particular to the PLC, because the shareholders may be a large institution so the company has to consider some problems such as pension funds, insurance companies and so on. Further more, the share value will subject to volatility, it could affects the company value. More over, the PLC can be large, complex, possess market power. 4. Co-operatives. This is very common to see in the farmer’s market, it ownership, finance and control and control in hands of the ‘members’ and it exists for the benefit of ‘member’. There are three types of Co-operatives, they are: a). Consumer co-ops which the members buy goods in bulk and sell to members, than divide profits between members. b).Worker co-ops which mean the workers buy the business and run it and decisions and profits shared by members, such as the most farmers working way. c).Producer co-ops; this is meant that producers organize distribution and sale of products themselves. 5. Franchises. This kind of business is getting more and more popular in the world. After pays a fee for the purchase for the franchise, the business ownership backed by established ‘brand’ name, so the business could get a big benefits from the public praise. Of course the owner of the business have to pay for the right to use the established company’s name, format products, logo, display units, methods, etc. at the same time, the franchisee have responsible for debts, also pay a royalty to owners of the brand, than keeps any remaining profit. 6. Charities. This is a type of business which purposes not for profit. The non-profit organizations must working for relief of poverty, the advancement of education or religion and other purposes beneficial to the community not falling under above. For example it have to create and maintain mutually satisfying exchanges between their donors and beneficiaries, and being concerned with facilitating an exchange process between an organization and it publics so that some basic societal need can be fulfilled. In conclusion, every kinds of business have their own nature and purpose; they all have a segmentation of the society to focus. (1991 words) Bibliography: Handout from business class. Resources: bized.ac.uk/learn/business/index.htm Research Papers on Fundamental Aspects of Business - Business EssayRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaOpen Architechture a white paperPETSTEL analysis of IndiaDefinition of Export QuotasInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Project Managment Office System