A Fairy Tale :: creative writing

He knew that his first prey, the firebird, lived high up in the trees in the heart of the forest. Like lightening, they were hard to miss, and the raw of its beak left a burn that could never be forgotten. Suddenly, the son heard a shriek, and he whirled his head to see the blood-red bird swooping toward his face. Panicking, the boy lunged for the ground, and for the net that the wise man had given him. He hurled it at the bird - and missed. The bird, angry, made another giant swoop at the boy - and tore its condition as it flew straight into the blade of the boys sword. That was one creature taken care of. His next target, the freezing spider, could be either much harder, or much easier, the boy knew not which. The spider could not run, or jump, unlike some of its relatives, but it was harder to find, and its poison froze the human blood and made its victims help little, lying on the ground frisson until the arachnid finally took pity on his prey and ate it. He tried not to th ink about it.Instead the boy thought of shipway to attract his prey if he could get it to come to him, the killing would be easier - and definitely much safer. The freezing spider would eat any kind of inning it could, but it was well known that the spider loved most to eat the flesh of humans. Well, what should he do? Obviously bait was safer than waiting for an attack, so the boy pulled out his dagger and held it to his upper arm. That was when he saw the grey bristles of the freezing spider. It was sitting quietly on a nearby shrub, its thorn toward the boy. Holding back a sigh of relief, he took one quiet step toward his prey, holding the dagger high, and stabbed it through the spider before it knew what hit it. A little less active a kill than the firebird, but just as exhilarating. Now the only victim left in this task of the boys was the netherworld wolf, and what a creature. approximately the size of a pig, these dogs could tear up a man in two minutes flat, or so it was said. However, being the largest of the creatures made it the easiest target.

John Cabell Breckinridge :: essays research papers

John Cabell BreckinridgeOne day I was walking near the grounds at the capitol building in Frankfort. There tantalize alone in the First Ladys rose garden on a bench was a solemn looking fellow. He looked precise distressed and confused. So, I inquired if he was feeling well or needed something. He replied that he had just discovered everyone he had ever loved was departed and for some odd reason he was all that was left. I wasnt sure what he meant by that so I sat down beside him. He was dressed quit dapper in a dark suit with an upturned quail at and some sort of fanciful scarf wrapped rough his neck very tightly like a tie. I also noticed his plaza appeared to fit either foot and he had a sharp gold watch chain. I image all this was very odd, and assumed he may have been a reenacter at the capitol building. I began to inquire slightly his behavior the following is the account of this bizarre conversation.I started by introducing myself, he said his shape was Gen. John Breckinridge and he was in search of Gov. Leslie. I thought this was odd because Leslie was governor in the late 1800s (1871-75). At first I told him capital of Minnesota Patton was the governor this seemed to confuse him greatly. He asked me where I procured my clothing, I told him in Carrollton. He then asked if I knew Gen. Butler. I replied that I had only known his name and who he was and that I had never met him. As he began to tell me more or less Butler, his own life and some of the places he had been, I could do nothing but sit and listen in awe.He told me that he was born Jan., twenty-first 1821 and during his younger years he had studied justness at several colleges. These included Transylvania University were he earned his Associates in Arts degree, then continued analyze law at Centre College and graduated from Princeton University in 1839. He had gone to Iowa to practice law with a partner Thomas Bullock who was also from the Lexington area. I asked why he went so f ar to practice, his answer was that this was about as far westerly you could go and still be civilized. Also he speculated in land and owned several plots in this northwestern state.John Cabell Breckinridge essays research papers John Cabell BreckinridgeOne day I was walking around the grounds at the capitol building in Frankfort. There sitting alone in the First Ladys rose garden on a bench was a solemn looking fellow. He looked very distressed and confused. So, I inquired if he was feeling well or needed something. He replied that he had just discovered everyone he had ever loved was gone and for some odd reason he was all that was left. I wasnt sure what he meant by that so I sat down beside him. He was dressed quit dapper in a dark suit with an upturned collar and some sort of fanciful scarf wrapped around his neck very tightly like a tie. I also noticed his shoes appeared to fit either foot and he had a bright gold watch chain. I thought all this was very odd, and assumed h e may have been a reenacter at the capitol building. I began to inquire about his behavior the following is the account of this bizarre conversation.I started by introducing myself, he said his name was Gen. John Breckinridge and he was in search of Gov. Leslie. I thought this was odd because Leslie was governor in the late 1800s (1871-75). At first I told him Paul Patton was the governor this seemed to confuse him greatly. He asked me where I procured my clothing, I told him in Carrollton. He then asked if I knew Gen. Butler. I replied that I had only known his name and who he was and that I had never met him. As he began to tell me about Butler, his own life and some of the places he had been, I could do nothing but sit and listen in awe.He told me that he was born Jan., 21st 1821 and during his younger years he had studied law at several colleges. These included Transylvania University were he earned his Associates in Arts degree, then continued studying law at Centre College and graduated from Princeton University in 1839. He had gone to Iowa to practice law with a partner Thomas Bullock who was also from the Lexington area. I asked why he went so far to practice, his answer was that this was about as far west you could go and still be civilized. Also he speculated in land and owned several plots in this northwestern state.

Constitution Position Paper :: essays research papers

The falls of this country are due to the Articles of Confederation and a weak centralized regime. To correct this, a strong field of study government will need to take its place. The majority of this delegation wishes to accept the Constitution as the new federal government of the United States.Many comfortably arguments were brought up during the proceedings such as William Patersons view of revising the Articles and proposing the union of the states as merely federal. Alexander Hamiltons idea of a commanding executive serving during good behavior or life with veto power over all laws. Both of these were rejected. Patersons plan because there are too many faults with the Articles and Hamiltons idea because it is too close to a form of monarchy. The most accepted idea was by Edmund Randolph and James Madison. In it they proposed the government be broken up into three branches legislative, executive, and judicial and each branch to check and balance each others power. This centr alized government would hold in the power to veto laws enacted by state legislatures. The majority of the delegates voted on a supreme power national government over the federations being an agreement resting on the good faith of its members. The many problems in the Articles of Confederation that led us to throw it away rather than to amend it were its inability to tax, no national speak to system, no executive to enforce acts of Congress, lack of regulation of foreign and interstate commerce, amendments with consent of all states, and the fact that the articles are only a firm alliance of friendship that is non-binding. There are too many changes to me made to have the state legislatures vote on it. The result would be no changes for the legislatures stand to jobless power. The only way that changes will be made if we start new.Many new issues came up with the Constitution and they were settled. The issue of legislation was fixed with a two-chambered legislature with two house s where one is represented equally by each state is allotted two votes while the other is based on population. How slaves would be counted was settled where every five slaves counted as three persons.

Reproductive and Therapeutic Cloning Essays -- Technology Science Gene

Reproductive and Therapeutic CloningNew areas of science often face-lift questions ab break safety. Reflecting back on the chivalric medical technologies invented, people have always opposed it but often benefit from it later on in life. The use of in-vitro fertilization, for instance, was once a controversial issue. Some people worried that society could discriminate against humans produced as a result of IVF and humans could administer diseases. Furthermore, its usefulness cannot be predicted because it is just a research tool, and so on. Today, those worries and concerns have not manifested, but instead have brought joy and happiness to families. The people born(p) through IVF process are as happy and equal as any other average child. It is the same with cloning applied science. Upon all that we have gained from historical medical technology, a majority of people have failed to see that new medical breakthrough will become as beneficial as the past ones if it is allo wed to be researched. Cloning is a controversial issue because it is a new area of science and people are once again worried that, this technology will become a dangerous weapon to the society. Cloning is the creating of a genetically analogous copy of an original plant or animal by using biological materials such as DNA segment (e.g. a gene or other region). According to Wilmut, The copies produced through cloning have identical genetic makeup and are known as clones. Many organisms in nature reproduce by cloning (asexually). Scientists use cloning techniques in the laboratory to create copies of cells or organisms with value traits. Their work aims to find practical applications for cloning that will produce advances in medicine, biological research, and industry.... ...ld pass a similar lawfulness and allow at least research, if not experimentation. Anxieties people have about cloning are similar to concerns about past medical technologies. This is also professedly about technologies in general, for instance people questioned the importance and abilities of computers, etc. Some new areas of science in the past brought up apprehensions, these technologies turned out to be beneficial to mankind. Cloning technology is now a new area of science and people are concerned about the safety and morals stern it. This system could become as stable as past medical technologies only if research is allowed. If laws are pass (with some restrictions) it could ensure that research is carried out without interfering with the principles of nature, ensures that everyone has equal access to the technology, and also used in serious cases not for pleasure.

Instructions Essay -- essays research papers

How to Change the Oil in Your VehicleWhy should you budge your oil?E actuallybody should diversify their oil in their vehicles whether or not they do it themselves. Changing your oil yourself is not very hard and saves you money. Changing your oil is very critical. In fact, manufacturers recommended that you change your oil at least all 3,000 miles. You will increase the engine life of your simple machine. The oil is what keeps the engine lubricated. When oil gets older it becomes dirty which causes friction. Draining the old oil and adding new oil will prevent this friction, thus increasing the reliability and life of your engine. It is also necessary to change your oil filter either time you change your oil. The oil filter is what filters out the particles before they reach your engine. A new filter will filter out particles a plow better than an old and dirty one. These instructions will take you through the steps so that you will be able to change your oil in your own dr iveway.Caution Changing your oil can be very dangerous. Never lay under a vehicle only supported by a jack. You must use jack stands or you will be putting your self at risk. Oil can also be very hot, so take extra precaution when removing the drain plug. Things that are needed to change you oil?clothes you don?ft care about acquire dirty ?a jack?some old rags?a funnel?oil pan or a container that holds at least 6 quarts? latex gloves (optional Helps keep your hands clean)?wheel blocks?oil filter wrench?2 jack stands or ram... ...the oil in, replace the oil fill cap and lave up some of the oil you might have spilled.&63570Start the engine and with the engine running, carefully check around the filter for any leaks. If there is a leak, tighten up the oil filter a little more. If no leaks are found, shut off the engine and jack the car down. Once the car is on level ground again, recheck the oil and make sure it is at the full mark. Do not over fill the oil, that will cause engine d amage.Changing your oil can be a simple process. Always be cautious when you are laying underneath a vehicle. Having the oil changed every 3,000 miles is strongly recommended and will increase the life of your engine. It is required by law that you put the oil in a container and dispose it at a near garageIf you have any doubts or do not feel like you are that mechanically inclined you should go the safe route and engage it to a professional place.

Instructions Essay -- essays research papers

How to Change the Oil in Your VehicleWhy should you change your inunct color?Everybody should change their anoint in their vehicles whether or not they do it themselves. changing your crude yourself is not very hard and saves you money. Changing your oil is very critical. In fact, manufacturers recommended that you change your oil at to the lowest degree every 3,000 miles. You will addition the engine life of your car. The oil is what keeps the engine lubricated. When oil gets old it becomes bothersome which ca usances friction. Draining the old oil and adding new oil will prevent this friction, thus increasing the reliability and life of your engine. It is also necessary to change your oil filter every time you change your oil. The oil filter is what filters out the particles before they reach your engine. A new filter will filter out particles a lot better than an old and dirty one. These instructions will take you through the steps so that you will be able to change your oil in your own driveway.Caution Changing your oil net be very dangerous. Never lay under a vehicle only supported by a jackstones. You must use jack stands or you will be putting your self at risk. Oil can also be very hot, so take additional precaution when removing the drain plug. Things that are needed to change you oil?clothes you don?ft care about getting dirty ?a jack?some old rags?a funnel?oil pan or a container that holds at least 6 quarts?latex gloves (optional Helps keep your hands clean)? drift blocks?oil filter wrench?2 jack stands or ram... ...the oil in, replace the oil fill cap and wipe up some of the oil you might have spilled.&63570Start the engine and with the engine running, carefully check around the filter for every leaks. If there is a leak, tighten up the oil filter a little more. If no leaks are found, shut off the engine and jack the car down. Once the car is on level state again, recheck the oil and make sure it is at the full mark. Do not over fill t he oil, that will cause engine damage.Changing your oil can be a simple process. Always be cautious when you are laying underneath a vehicle. Having the oil changed every 3,000 miles is strongly recommended and will increase the life of your engine. It is required by law that you put the oil in a container and dispose it at a nearest garageIf you have any doubts or do not feel like you are that mechanically inclined you should go the safe route and bring it to a professional place.

The baby boomer in the midst of the economic crisis

Most of the baby boomer generation were imbibed with the stereotype perception on the facets of work, employment and success. In a typical scenario, that best schedule would connote that a baby boomer would go to work on a unceasing schedule, 8-5, working from Monday to Friday schedule. Most of the time would be spent in the office, taking a daily commute to and from the office, with some time being taken by overtime, some work to be done on the week raritys, and some other tasks to be accomplished at home.Success was also easily defined, with the person attaining the highest position in the corporate ladder becoming the epitome of that standard of success (Brad Harrington, Douglas Hall 98). Many of the people, baby boomer and others, believe that the current recession is about to end and that more prosperous times are about to return are, what observers state, is sadly suffering from a near sighted view of the present economic crisis.In reality, since the peaking of the 2005 unify States hovictimization crisis, the continuing barrage of the sub-prime financial crisis in 2007,and the resulting economic slowdown in the Ameri put forward economy in December of the same category, its has been observed that the coupled States economy, and to a certain degree the global market, has entered into an era of pro coarseed adjustments, with expected periods of growth, however the severe economic restructuring currently being put in induct is believed to continue for the next years. What is believed to be the main driver of these developments is the baby boomer generation.It is assumed that the previously mentioned financial crisis is also contributory to the current financial morass, but the imperative reasons is that what is considered as the largest demographic in the history of mankind, the baby boomer generation born after the Second World War, has overreached its expending power (Professor Rodrigue Tremblay). What is seen to be the immediate effect of this dev elopment is that there must be a realization that the exhaustion of the spending power of the baby boomer generation is irreversible.In this regard, the solutions cannot be found overnight the remedy provide be decades of readjusting of corporate spending, reduced spending and change magnitude savings, and liquidating massive mountains of debt. The ramifications of this development go away be seen to reverberate through with(predicate) the entire economic structure, as seen in the downturn of the automobile industry, and the profits in the wellness care sector, as the baby boomer continue to age (Tremblay).What is considered as a significant public policy issue is the potential load that a society that is reaching its twilight years will place on the nations health provider system and the government expenditures. The 2030 issue is about addressing the challenge that by that time, there will be adequate and an efficacious system will be in place in three decades time, when the elderly sector in society will be double the present population. By the year 2030, it is expected that many of the baby boomer generation will be between the ages of 66 to 84 years, and they will comprise 61 million individuals.Apart from these, the takings of the older baby boomers, will be more than 9 million by 2030 (James Knickman, Emily Snell). The present structure of the long term care sector is constructed more or less the provision of the service by private providers, which can be categorized as non-profit and some for profit outfits. When the available resources increase, the development of new services can accelerate at a faster pace. Inversely, when available resources decrease, it is also expected that the capacity of the sector will diminish.Taking the example of home health care as a point of reference, the growth in the yearly expenditure rate increase went from ten percent in the period of the 1980s reaching into the 1990s, plummeting to a disconfirming three per cent in just two years, from 1998 to 1999 (Knickman, Snell). The Congressional compute Office (CBO), in a 1999 report, calculates that expenditures related to long term care ineluctably was approximately $120 billion in 2000, more than half (59 percent) addressed by the private sector.The balance of the expenditures were covered by individual expenses, with the private long term sector just covering one percent of the long term health care expenditures. In the conservative estimation of the CBO, the total standard for long term health care will rise an average of 2. 6 percent above inflationary levels annually over a continue of three decades, totaling more than $150 billion in 2010, close to $200 billion in 2020, and a colossal $ 230 billion by the year 2030 (Knickman, Snell). In the composition of the Federal budgetary outlay, three government dominate the bulk of Federal spending Medicaid, Medicare and amicable security system.Federal outlays for these programs in 2004 reac hed more than $960 billion, exclusive of receipt offsetting of Medicare premiums. In total, these three programs totaled more than 40 percent of the entire Federal budget. It is be noted that the Federal government is contemplating on implementing sweeping changes in the weapon of the Social certificate system. The changes in the Social Security structure is inclusive of proposals to divert a portion of their tax payments to private investment tools ( related States Congressional Budget Office 9).One piece of advice that the boomers might give serious contemplation to is the fact that there exists now a need to increase levels of savings rather than increased spending. All the events the last few years have sent a clear signal to the maturation sector to turn to savings and restrain spending binges but these acts of saving on the part of the boomers would mean a decrease in the levels of consumption and reduced spending, so that they can liquidate their liabilities, and that will increase the personal net income of the boomers.But what does that spell for the economy, if the largest spending sector considers more saving and reducing their consumption? It will translate to a comprehensive deceleration in economic growth and some excruciating adjustments in broad sectors in the economy (Tremblay) . In this light, it is expected that the effects of the current financial crisis hounding the global economies will be magnified and increase in its intensity, and the magnified effects of the crisis will continue to be felt in the decades to come.The economic doldrums will not be continuous, as there will be some short lived gains and increases, but will quickly return to the state of economic stagnation. To cite an example, in the last decade, Japan suffered a period of stagnation induced by the elderly demographic buffeted the nations economy for the entire nineties. Even to this day, Japan is pipe down trying to finds its way out of the economic morass it suffere d during that time (Tremblay). Many of the countries whose population practices a very high standard of savings patterns will be able to export much of that capital to other countries.During the baseline year for model simulations, 1997, it was seen that many industrial states were exporting more than $60 billion in net investments to some low and middle level nations, amounting to 1. 1 percent of the gross domestic product of the nations that receive these outflows of capital. In that year, only nations in eastbound Asia region were seen to be net exporters of capital. But in the year 2015, the recipients of the outflows of the industrial nations will be the ones exporting capital, and the industrial nations currently exporting the capital will be the ones importing the capital (World Bank 40).In the years not covered by the data released by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), the continued aging of the baby boomers, compounded with increasing costs related to health care, will create a significant shift in the financial situation of the Unite States. It is expected that in the next three decades, the population of Americans at or over the age of 65 will jump 100 percent, while the add together of people that are under the age of 65 will only increase by 15 percent. What is more alarming is the rate for the increase for health care expenditures is expected to outstrip the pace of economic growth during the same period.If the costs continue at a pace of 2. 5 percent, the Federal government will increase its budgetary allocations for Medicare and Medicaid, from 4. 2 percent at present more than 11 percent by the year 2030 (Congressional 10). Budgetary allocations for Social Security is expected to increase in the next thirty years by an average of 40 percent under the operation of the present laws. The share of the allocations for Social Security will rise from the 4. 2 figure at present to at least 6 percent in 2030.By comparison, the revenue projections for Social Security is expected to be static during the period, hovering at around 5 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). All combined, these pressures will exert significant amounts of accent on the budget that growth in the economy is unlikely to fully satiate (Congressional 11). Works Cited Harrington, Brad, Hall, Douglas T. Career Management and work life integration using self assessment to navigate contemporary careers. Los Angeles, USA Sage Publications 2007. Knickman, James R. , Snell, Emily K. The 2030 Problem Caring for Aging Baby Boomers.Health Research and Education Trust 2002 August, 37(4), pp. 849-884 Tremblay, Rodrigue. The enceinte Baby-Boomers Economic Stagnation of 2007-2017. United States Congressional Budget Office. The US Budget and Economic Outlook 2006- 2015. P. O. Box 416, Old Chelsea Station New York NY Cosimo, Inc. 2005 World Bank. world-wide economic prospects and the Developing countries, Volume 13. 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, DC World Bank Pu blications 2003.

Foods Fantastic Company Essay

Foods Fantastic Companys IT processing is very complex and sophisticated, thence according to the SAS 109s risk of exposure assessment procedures and SOX Section 404 Management Assessment of Internal Controls, an IT General Control review is required. The purpose of an ITGC review is to provide the insertion for reliance on any monetary information Foods Fantastic Company produce. Although an ITGC review does not directly result in misstated financial statements or strong control weaknesses, it can indirectly causeapplication control deficiencies, and affect the financial auditor in assessing the risk of material misstatement in FFCs financial statements. For the risk assessment my team performed at Foods Fantastic, first, we wrote down some questions and concerns for each ITGC bea. Then, we looked at the companys organization chart and had a meeting with the spike of each department, and took notes from the meetings. We also observed the audit team. After that we wrote down t he strengths and weaknesses, and decide the level of risk assessment for each area. First of all, in the area of IT Management, the risk assessment is medium. They hand a strategic plan, which is a strength, because a strategic plan will help FFC to meet its business goals by outlining the objectives and strategies for the information clay group.In addition, FFC has an IT steering committee, which is also a strength, because the committee develops and revises IT and security policies, and reviews the operations of the IT department. However, there are a couple of weaknesses in the area of IT Management. For instance, their Chief culture Office only reports to their Chief Financial Officer. According to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the companys chief executive officer and chief financial officer are requires to accommodate an assessment of the operating effectiveness of their internal control structure over financial reporting when issuing the annual report. In addition, the frailty President of Applications, Vice President of Operations, Vice President of nurture Security, and Vice President of Database Administration reports only to Chief Information Officer Second, there are quite a few strengths in their Systems Development area, they design, develop, and implement systems in a logical fashion, which all the duties are segregated. In addition, the organization consider internal controls as an inherent part of systems design, and the IT personnel adequately tested the new bio-coding payment system prior to its implementation, so we determined the risk assessment in this area is low.However, FFCs Internal Audit Department is involved as a voting member of the project teams. Internal audit performs post-implementation reviews on all projects over $2 million. Internal Audit should be independent, and should not be involved in the project ream. Third, the risk assessment in the area of Data Security is high. Although they sport high control on the physical ac cess to their data center computer room, however they restrain low control on the logical access. In order to controlthe physical access, FFCs computer room within its data center is locked at all times. All outsiders must first affect the data center manager in order to enter the computer room. Each must bring an official picture ID, sign a visitors log, and be escorted at all times by data center personnel during the visit. They also have environmental control in the computer room and are tested semi-annually.However, the Human Resources Department only forward the Transfers and Terminations report each month, and not immediately after the employee is transferred or terminated. The security policy is not sure and was revised in 2005. The system generates a logical access violation report daily, but the company police only requires the Vice President of Information System to review the unauthorized system access report once a month.Finally, the risk assessment in Change Managem ent area is low, but the risk management in the Business Continuity Planning area is high. Although they have no incidents occurred that required them to recover their systems, a company should always have a business continuity plan. They did not document any business continuity or disaster recovery plan, nor they did test the backup tapes during the past years, which they have no intention to test the tapes in the future. FFC backs up all of the data daily, but only store them once a week at a company-owned offsite location. They should store the data daily.Overall, I set FFCs assessed level of ITGC risk as high because of their data security and business continuity planning. Data is the closely important elements of an organization. Without data, the organization will not be able to operate. The fact that FFC does not have a business continuity plan because they believe that is woo prohibitive for an organization of its size is wrong. Every organization should have a business co ntinuity plan in case there is a subjective disaster. In addition, FFC should do a better job in control of logical access because hacker dont necessary have to educe access to the organizations data physically.

Gender Essay

For nearly of its muniment, western semi semipolitical theory has ignored women. Women thrust seldom appe ared in its analyses of who should experience power, when it last(a)ly decided to determine women it usually defended their exclusion from public affairs and their confinement to the home only rarely have women been seen as political animals worthy of serious consideration. The inequalities that exist betwixt men and women are seen as of little practical importance and theoretical interest.Feminist political theory however, sees womens situation as central to political analysis, its foc economic consumptions on why in most societies men appear to have more power and privilege than women and how can this be changed. The term womens liberationist came into use during the 1880s, indicating support for womens equal legal, economic, social and political rights with men. (Bryson, 2003) Feminism reflects the varied needs and perceptions of women in diverse societies and situati ons. Feminists argue that all women have the right to education, employment, political participation and full legal equality.Although strongly opposed in the past, they are largely accepted in the west today. However, women still remain disadvantaged contempt gaining legal rights. (Bryson, 2003) All feminist do not think a desire. Depending on time, culture and country feminism around the world have sometimes had different causes and goals. The labels help mark the range of different barbeles, perspectives and manakins a variety have used to shape two their explanations for womens oppression and their proposed solutions for its elimination.The three groups of feminist theories I will seek to analyse in order to assess their contributions against what is known about Caribbean women and their realities in this es range are Liberal, Radical and Black feminist perspectives. wiz thing we know about Caribbean women is that they have al agencys kick the bucketed. Womens position in t he Caribbean has been characterised by a dual work role, they engage in both house r separately and extra household work, in order to provide for their families. Evidence has shown, that after slavery the tradition of female person labour continued.Joycelin Massiah states that melanise women had no pickaxe but to work, because the idea of man as the breadwinner was unrealistic and unattainable. Women were forced to take the major responsibility of their households because a large number of men had emigrated. Erna Brodber examined the role of women in some Caribbean countries. She states that despite the public image of womanhood which stressed on the abstention from physical work for elite woman, Caribbean women continued to seek work out of doors the household and support themselves.Brodber as well as states that images of face cloth women portray them as delicate and unassuming, the black woman is portrayed as hardworking to the point of being comical. (Massiah, 1986) Work outside the household however did not free Caribbean women from their household responsibilities these women still had to ensure their husbands were still taken care of. Men in the Caribbean societies felt that because of economic circumstances, females should be employed outside the home and should contribute to the expenses.They also believe that domestic duties should still remain the womans responsibility, til now if she is employed. In the public domain, women defer widely to male authority and decision making, but in the domestic domain, she rehearses power. (Massiah, 1986) Radical feminism claimed to go to the roots of womens oppression, and it proclaimed itself as a theory of, by and for women as such, it was based firmly in womens own experiences and perceptions.Secondly, it saw the oppression of women as the most fundamental and universal form of domination, and its aim was to understand and sustain strategies for the end of that oppression. Thirdly, women as a group ha d interests opposed to those of men these interests united them in a common sisterhood that transcended the division of class and race, and meant that women should struggle together to achieve their own liberation. (Bryson, 2003) Radical feminism names all women as part of an oppress group, stressing that no woman can walk down the street or even live in her home safely without fear of violation from men. french feminist Christine Delphy points out that like all oppressed multitude, many women do not like to accept that they are part of an oppressed group, developing miscellaneous forms of denial in order to avoid identification. To the radical feminists, patriarchy is the oppressing structure of male domination. Radical feminism makes male control visible as it is exercised in every sphere of womens lives, both public and insular. It stresses that emancipation or equality on male terms is not enough.A total mutation of the social structures and the elimination of the processes of patriarchy are essential. (Rowland & Klein, 1991) Patriarchy is the domination of men over women. Kate Millets early work (1971) is a good example of the approach that sex is a status category with political implications. Patriarchy, dominates over class, religion, race and culture. Patriarchy is a system of structures and institutions created by men in order to harbour and recreate male power and female subordination.Institutional structures like the law, religion, the family, have ideologies which perpetuate the naturally inferior position of women socialisation processes to ensure that women and men develop behaviour and belief systems appropriate to the powerful or powerless group to which they belong. These structures are dominated by men who ensure that they maintain these positions. Within the private domain of the family, men have structured a system whereby womans fruitful capacity leaves her vulnerable and powerless, domestically exploited, and entrapped in economic dependence. (Rowland & Klein, 1991)The family is retained through the notion of romantic love between men and women, when in fact matrimony contracts traditionally have an economic base. Womens labour inside the family, which has been unpaid and unacknowledged, is defined as labour of love. Women by nature are said to be passive, submissive and willing to be led. Processes like socialisation of children encourage this situation to continue. Patriarchy has a material base in 2 senses. First, the economic systems are structured so that women have difficulty acquire paid labour in society which values only paid labour and in which money is the currency of power.Women without economic independence cannot sustain themselves without a breadwinner. They cannot leave a brutal husband, cannot withdraw sexual, emotional and physical servicing from men, they cannot have equal say in decisions affecting their own lives. Radical feminists have therefore stressed the necessity for women to ex ercise economic power in their own lives. The second material base is the womans body. Women in marriage are seen to be owned by their husbands and cannot bring a civil case of rape.Womens bodies are advertised and pornography alike objectified and defined as some an other(prenominal) and available for male use. Rowland & Klein, 1991) Radical feminists sees the oppression of women as universal, crossing race and cultural boundaries, as well as those of class and other structures like age and physical ability. One of the basic tenets of radical feminism is that any woman in the world has more in common with any other woman regardless of class, race, age, ethnicity, nationality, than any woman has with any man. In Sisterhood is Global (1984) Robin Morgan draws together contributions from feminists in seventy countries, the majority of which are terzetto world countries.She begins with a quote about the global position of women in the report to the UN Commission on the states of wom en. While women represent half the global macrocosm and one third of the labour force, they receive one tenth of the world income and own less than one percent of the worlds property. They are also responsible for two thirds of all working hours. In the developing world women are responsible for more than fifty percent of all food production. In the industrial nations women are still paid only half to three quarters of mens wages. Most of the world are starving are women and children.Women in all countries bear the double burden of unpaid housework in association with any paid work they do. Radical feminists thus hold that women are oppressed primarily and in the first instance as women. But because of differences in their lives created by, for example culture and class, women experience oppression differently. (Rowland & Klein, 1991) Black feminist theorising has made critical contributions to feminist epistemology. The theory comprises of a body of work by black feminist intellec tuals reacting to the failure of existing feminist explanatory framework to adequately comprehend the realities of black women.Feminists like Sojourner Truth, Audre Lorde, Patricia Bell, Patricia Hill Collins as well as many others interrogated existing feminist theories and found them lacking, as they richly ignored or denied black womens specific experiences. For instance Sojourner Truths powerful statement on racial inequalities Aint I A Woman was a 19th Century deconstruction of the notion of a global, common womanhood and an insistence on inserting black womanhood in the concept of what it meant to be a woman.In her speech Truth argued that white women were placed on a pedestal and gave them certain privileges (mostly that of not working), this attitude was not extended to black women. Speaking of the U. S. A in the 1970s Audre Lorde stated, by and large, within the womens movement today, white women focus upon their oppression as woman and ignore differences of race, sexual p reference, class and age. (Barriteau, 2006) The work of black feminists reveals hierarchies of power within categories of race, class, gender, patriarchal congresss, sexuality and sexual orientation.Black feminism turn ups that white or other feminist theorising refuses or fails to recognise race as a social relation of domination within feminism and society. Radical, socialist and liberal feminist had examined other oppressive social relations but none had made race central to their analysis, black feminist theory exposes racism. They focus on difference in order to understand problems of oppression. Audre Lorde points out that white radical feminist Mary Daly images white women as Goddesses, with African women entering her analysis only as victims and preyers upon each other.Here Lorde exposes a key distortion that is similar to how early development discourses constructed women in the Caribbean. Women in the south, whether Caribbean, or African were seen as helpless victims in need of international development intervention. (Barriteau, 2006) This theory holds that the constructed invisibility if black womens lives must be challenged. For example, much of the history of the West Indies was based on the activities of black men. Black feminist thinkers underline the importance of using lived experiences as a criterion for generating knowledge.Deborah Kings concept of sevenfold jeopardy or multiple consciousness shifted the conception of womens oppression as hold in within ethnic and racial boundaries. She was concerned with the invisibility of black women. She noted that class discrepancy compounded the problem of racism and sexism for black women and felt that class constituted a third jeopardy. She therefore defined multiple jeopardy as, a way to understand the ways in which various forms of oppression interact in ways that negatively affect the lives of black women.Much of feminist theory represents white ethnocentric feminist theorising and is therefo re inadequate in not addressing the concerns of other women, especially black women. (Barriteau, 2006) Unlike radical feminism, black feminism goes on to demonstrate how antiblack relations follow black women into the private realm. Experiences of relations of oppression within households differ for black or minority women in a racist state. Central to black feminist theorising is the knowledge that patriarchal relations structure womens lives very differently to their male peers.The rule of the father enforces mens power in the family and society. In the Caribbean, men have assumed the role of patriarchs. Black feminist theory reveals that there are other dimensions to black womens experiences of the home that are not captured by other feminist theories, especially for those black women who for centuries have been obliged to work outside the home, whether in fields, factories or the homes of others. some of these women instead of longing to be liberated from the home, they yearn for the opportunity to go home or stay at home.Hazel Carby noted that ideologies of black female domesticity and motherhood have been constructed through black womens employment in chattel positions as domestic workers and surrogate mothers to white families rather than in relation to their own families. (Barriteau, 2006) In terms of sexuality, black women have been stereotyped as having wild and uncontrollable sexual urges. Black women were presented as either whorish or deprive they were either nanny or jezebel. Evelyn Hammond has argued that black womens sexuality is constructed in opposition to that of white women.In the struggle for sexual liberation, many white women demanded reproductive technologies in order to say yes to sex, while black women wanted autonomy and freedom from a racist and intrusive state in order to say no. (Barriteau, 2006) Criticisms of black feminist theory are that sometimes there is the impression that all oppressions are equal, and it has been critiq ued for assuming that black women have a higher-up standpoint in the world. There is also a sense in which persons of African descent are privileged in black feminist thought. (Bryson, 2003) The final theory I will analyse is the liberal feminist theory.Liberalism is based on the principle of individual liberty, in which every person should be allowed to exercise freedom of choice. Each individual should be given equal opportunities and civil rights, but that was conceived of as a privilege that should extend to European men. When it comes to state interventions in the private sphere, liberals agree that the less we see of Big brother in our homes the better. (Tong, 2009) Liberal feminist Mary Wollstonecraft has been very influential in her writing, A defending team of the Rights of Woman. She wrote at a time when the economic and social position of European women was in decline.These women were left at home with little productive work to do, and they were married to relatively we althy professional men. These women had no incentive to work outside the home or, if they had several servants inside it. (Tong, 2009) Middle class ladies were, in Wollstonecrafts estimation, kept women who sacrificed health, liberty and virtue for whatever prestige, pleasure and power their husbands could provide. She denied that women are, by nature, more pleasure seeking and pleasure giving than men. She reasoned that if men were confined to the same cages that trap women, men would develop the same flawed characters.She stated that women lacked the power of reason because they were encouraged to indulge themselves and please others. She believed that women should have the same entrance to education as men. She believed that women should experience full personhood. Other liberalists John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor Mill believed women needed suffrage in order to become mens equals. They claimed the vote gave people the power to express their own political views but also chang e those systems, structures, and attitudes that contribute to their own and others oppression. (Tong, 2009)Betty Friedan in the Feminist Mystique, studies the lives of white center field class housewives living in the suburbs. She described the dissatisfaction of these women as the problem with no name. She claimed that these women led unfulfilling lives in their traditional roles as mother and wives. She argued that a more substantive course for these women was to have the opportunity of full time work in the public sphere. She believed that the absence from the home would make children and husbands more self sufficient. She felt that by limiting women to being wives and mothers was limiting their full human development.She also believed that women would always have to work harder than men. (Bryson, 2003) The main critique of liberal feminism is that of racism and classism, they centre primarily on white, middle class women. They also privileged so called male values. They also continue to distinguish between the private and public lives of people without understanding that the private and public sphere often intersect. In conclusion, feminist epistemology has transformed the world for many Caribbean women, as it questions womens lived experiences and their roles in identity formation.Caribbean women in their roles have mostly preached a strong work ethic and promoted a strong social identity. The Caribbean has a legacy of race and colonial legacies, therefore the experiences and history of Caribbean women has been different. Unlike some the white middle class women in European societies that the liberal feminist talk about, Caribbean women have always had to work and frequently they have been the principal breadwinners in their households. But because of all the earlier groups of feminist theories about women, it paved a way for the new knowledge about Caribbean women and their realities.

Graffiti

One common objection is that graffito is non subterfuge because it is hooliganism and because a criminal act. While it is true that it can be vandalism and a criminal act, these facts would not seem to have a bearing on its status of being blind. The mere fact that something is illegal or classified as vandalism hardly seems sufficient to make something fall outside of the farming of blind. After all, imagine a state in which music was a criminal act and labeled as a vandalism of the public w octonaryy space. It would hardly follow that music would thus cease to be art. As such, this objection fails.The reasons and honours for why one might engage in graffito art are as varied as the artisans who produce it. A chief reason is the prospect of fame and recognition of ones artistic talent. Graffiti is also a form of self expression. The art as writing is a creative method of communicating with other writers and the general public. What it communicates is the artists identit y, expression, and ideas. Judgments are based solely on ones artistic ability. This type of communication is of value because it links people regardless of cultural, lingual, or racial differences in way that nothing else can.In addition, producing graffito art with a crew builds team work in that the crew works together for the accomplishment of a common goal. The feeling of this achievement in league with others is of value to the artist In addition, graffiti art is not a spontaneous activity like tagging in the form of fancy scribble. The completion of a maculation or a production involves a great deal of imagination, planning, and effort. The graffitist first does a sketch. Then he or she plans out characters and selects colors.Next, the artist selects his or her beg or surface and does a preliminary outline, followed by a filling in of colors and ornamentation, and then the final outline is completed. Graffiti can also be analyzed according to the elements of lines, color, an d structures that are present in the work in order to produce a narrative about it. Another substantial reason why graffiti art can be viewed as art is by considering the producers intention. Graffitists intend their work to be apprehended as art that can communicate feelings and ideas to the audience.This is in line with Tolstoys mandate that art must allow people to express ideas and share in each others feelings via the artwork. Plus, graffiti art has a function of not only communicating to others, but it also beautifies the community by appearing on areas that normally would be eyesores, such as a wall in a vacant lot or an abandoned building. Furthermore, all of the aesthetic properties and criteria from the base element of color to the complex push by means of of artist intention which are ascribed to other works in order to characterize them as art can all be found in examples of spraycan art.The only difference between those works in a gallery or museum and graffiti art i n terms of how and why the latter is not readily accepted as art is due to its location and presentation. Indeed the issues of location and presentation are the most significant barricades to a wholehearted toleration of spraycan art as art. Graffiti art cannot be disregarded simply because it is not presented in the customary location and manner, i. e. , framed and placed in a museum or gallery. The location of it on a wall or subway without permission only makes it unsolicited art.As such, it can be called vandalism, but again, this does not change it as art. Rather the categorization of graffiti art as unsolicited art that is vandalism only justifies a removal of it from the surface. On the other hand, the vandalism aspect of graffiti art can be considered as a uniqueness and not a detracting feature of the art form because as vandalism, graffiti art is very temporary. A piece which might be sixty feet long, twelve feet high, and take twenty to thirty cans of paint and at lea st eight hours to produce might be gone in a matter of minutes.We are not apply to art approaching us outside of conventional settings such as a museum. Instead of the audience going to view the art form, spraycan art reaches out to the viewer sometimes in a shock manner. One can only imagine how shocking and surprising it might have been to see a colorful train moving swiftly through the dingy stations and drab boroughs of New York City. Spraycan art is an art form that is completely open to the public because it is not hemmed in by the confines or laws of the gallery system or the museum. Perhaps, this is its only crime.In summary, some forms of graffiti become art according to four criteria. First, graffiti art is separated from everyday graffiti markings by the artists intention to produce a work of art. Second, graffiti art has an established history of development in style and technique. Third, graffiti art notwithstanding has been recognized by the art world. A fourth crit erion is that the public response to graffiti art indicates that it is art. Whether or not all of the public agrees that graffiti art is good, bad, or extremely valuable is a different discussion about evaluation and not whether or not graffiti art is art.The critical concerns actually play more into where, when, and how graffiti art should be displayed. The above criteria are defensible in so much as they have been used to legitimize other artistic forms. However, what appears to be the most significant answer to describing how and why graffiti art is art is the notion of understanding where the artist and the audience synchronize in agreement about a particular work being an example of art. It is a matter of comprehending what makes a creation art for the artist and what makes this same creation art for the audience.When and according to what criteria that these two view principals coincide is what thoroughly determines graffiti art as art. And like other art forms, graffiti art is definitively art when both the artist and the audience agree on the works ability to provide maximal aesthetic satisfaction. While it is almost impossible to break a theory of necessary conditions or rules specifying when graffiti art is art, I think it is sufficient to draw on already established aesthetic theories and criteria to point out that some forms of graffiti do qualify as art.Therefore, graffiti in the form of spraycan art is art. It has form, color, and other base properties as well as an arrangement of these elements into structures that qualify it aesthetically as being art. Just doing something with spraypaint might make it graffiti, but it does not necessarily qualify it as art or graffiti art. In addition, when the spraycan art is analyzed according to the artists intention and value to audience, there is even more evidence to suggest that it is genuine art.The only obstacle that has hindered the general acceptance of graffiti art is its location and presentatio n. However, the instances of acceptance of graffiti art by the art world shows that conventional methods of presentation are not all that matters in determining if something is art. And graffiti art is not to be disqualified as art simply because it might appear unsolicited. In short, graffiti in the form of spray can art is art like any other work that might be found in a gallery or a museum.