Friday, December 27, 2019

The Effects Of Violence On Children s Brain Development

A child who was exposed or, experienced violence suffers multiply negative physical and mental health outcomes. Violence is especially distressing for smaller children, because they spend more time with their parents. Since, smaller children rely more on their parents to protect them and make their environment safe. Violence at home creates a stressful environment and also health problems that carries on into their adulthood. Exposure to violence at home may teach a child to learn to be more aggressive, fight and have antisocial behavior. Children who are exposed to violence at home have lower levels of self-esteem and social skills. â€Å"Research shows that the exposure to family violence during the early years when the capacity for emotion regulation is growing and children attachment to parents is strongest. It is important for children to feel wanted and can trust parents. If the trust is broken it’s disrupt child’s attachment and brain development. The plastici ty of a child’s brain development have both negative and positive outcome. Positive in which a child is open to learn new things, but is also negative because the earliest stage is â€Å"vulnerable to development problems should their environment prove especially impoverished or un-nurturing.† Even though a child is exposed to traumatic events, they can be help by confronting. The first step to helping young children cope and heal is respond to the child needs when they cry. Since the child already face lack ofShow MoreRelatedThe Brain Development and Violence Essay1056 Words   |  5 PagesThe Brain Development and Violence Juanita S Farmer DeVry University Victimology Professor: Jeannine Quear What causes a person to become violent? Is a person born to be a killer or do social pressures cause a person to lash out? These are questions that scientists have been searching for answers to for decades. Though there are many theories about biological influences, there is no set rule that applies to everyone that explains what makes a person turn violent. There are three events thatRead MoreDomestic Violence and Social Problems1268 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence is a devastating social problem that impacts every sector of our population. Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner(USDOJ,2012). Domestic violence can be physical, economic, emotional, sexual, or psychological. Physical domestic violence is an attempt to impose physical injury such as grabbing, slapping, hitting, biting, etc. Physical violence can alsoRead MoreChildhood Trauma and Neurol ogical Development Essay950 Words   |  4 Pagescase for many children across the globe. Thousands of children from all walks of life each day are faced with unspeakable horror and must deal with the resulting trauma from then on. However, in children, managing this trauma takes a different toll on the mind and heart than it does in adults. While the type of trauma may vary in pervasiveness across countries, trauma occurring in childhood has the ability to cause long term damage to the growing neurological functioning in the brain and negativelyRead MoreThe Laws Regarding Corporal Punishment1704 Words   |  7 Pagesthe behavioral cognitive, and sociocultural in the context of corporal punishment as well as the harmful effects of corporal punishment on the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development of children in early childhood which ranges from two to six years of age. In many countries such as China, corporal punishment represents an acceptable and necessar y action to discipline children. However, in other nations such as Austria, Croatia, Cyprus, Denmark, Germany, Finland, Israel, ItalyRead MoreChildren Who See Too Much1584 Words   |  7 Pageschildhood to their child. After reading the book Children Who See Too Much, I realize that children are very sensitive to their environment. In this paper, I will try to discuss certain concerns expressed by the author regarding exposure to violence to the children. To begin with, in the first chapter of this book, it is described that there are three levels of exposure to violence. These are exposure to media violence, community violence, and violence in the home. The media has been speculated enormousRead MoreOverview of Neuroimagery Essay1695 Words   |  7 PagesNeuroimagery is a clinical speciality that produces images of the brain by using non-invasive techniques, i.e.: without requiring surgery, incision of the skin, or any direct contact with the inside of the body. This type of imagery falls into two categories: Structural; this deals with the structure of the brain and aids the diagnosis of diseases (e.g. brain tumours) and Functional; this is used for neurological and cognitive research purposes, along with the diagnosis of metabolic diseases (e.gRead MoreThe Function Of A Video Game751 Words   |  4 Pagesso bliss sometimes not to realize how major of an influence an inanimate object has on them. This inquires the justification th at games cause people to act in a distasteful manner. That means games are harmful to the human body and can cause side effects. They are unable to tell the difference between reality and videogames. This said games are evil because they cause people to hurt others and themselves. Also many controversies were caused because of videogame. As the average human people playsRead MoreChildhood Trauma And The Personality Disorders Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Trauma affects more than twenty-five percent of children in America every year (NCMHP, 2012). This astounding statistic implies that multitudes of individuals are now dealing with the chronic results that these traumas induce, one reoccurring result being personality disorder. The purpose of this paper is to find the connections between the severity of childhood trauma and the personality disorders that can come from it. The purpose of this paper is to find the connections between the severityRead MoreAdverse Effect Of Alcohol Consumption1321 Words   |  6 PagesThe Adverse Effect of Alcohol Consumption In Whiting S. Albert’s article â€Å"Alcohol Use Is Harmful† he stated that alcohol is a chemical that contains hydrogen and carbon. Whiting stated further that the active ingredient of alcohol is ethyl alcohol, which is also known as ethanol. Alcohol is one of the few things that human being consume that do not need digestion. Alcohol appears the bloodstream immediately, thus, its intoxicating effects are felt instantly (1). â€Å"High levels of mortality, morbidityRead MoreViolent Media And The Aggressive Generation1116 Words   |  5 PagesMatthew Taylor Ms. Cowburn AP Language 12 June 2017 Violent Media and The Aggressive Generation It Has Established The creation of visual and active forms of media has caused debate and discussion over the effects it has on the brain. The effects of media on the brain are of concern regarding children specifically, as their minds are still developing. Questions of the severity and impact have intrigued parents, scientists, and lawmakers. The first committee on this issue, the Surgeon Generals Scientific

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Emily Dickinson s Influence On Poetry - 857 Words

There was a time when poetry was not present in my life. When I was younger, there was no form of art that I really loved or had a connection with. It wasn’t until 8th grade, when we were assigned to read an assortment of Emily Dickinson poems, that I began to understand the influence poetry could have. At a time when I was feeling invisible and insecure, her poetry made me feel the exact opposite. I took great comfort in knowing that someone had also experienced feelings of loneliness and optimism at the same time. Dickinson revealed attributes about myself that I didn’t even know had existed until then. The role of the poet is an important one. Poets use language to create a transcendent connection to the reader to provide something meaningful and useful in their lives. Poets share experiences that can vary from universal to specific. They can use poetry to address ignorance; it becomes an educational tool for topics that are usually considered controversial or touchy , such as racism and sexism. Poets give readers a manner in which they can release their feelings, an opportunity not readily available in everyday life. To establish this crucial connection, poets identify certain aspects of themselves through their writings. Audre Lorde continuously brings up her background as being a lesbian and black because it makes important contributions to her essays and poems. These aspects bring comfort to readers who are desperately searching for a piece of themselves in poems.Show MoreRelatedPoetic Influences Of Emily Dickinson s Poetry1775 Words   |  8 PagesBiography Poetic Influences Emily Dickinson was an American poetess during the 19th century, born in Amherst, Massachusetts, December 10, 1830. Dickinson died at the age of 56, on May 15, 1886. Although her family was prominent, she was most unsociable, being intensely solitary. People considered her as an eccentric, as she showed disinclination towards guests, which in some cases, even caused them to leave, leaving most of her acquaintanceships founded upon by correlation. Dickinson was known for herRead MoreUnique Elements Within Dickinson s Poetry1188 Words   |  5 PagesDickinson’s Poetry Emily Dickinson is considered to be one of the most popular and prolific poets of her time period. Dickinson had a unique style of writing which pulled in influence from both the Romantic and Realist periods. Dickinson’s style of writing had many elements, such as imagery and advanced vocabulary, which helped differentiate herself from other poets. Dickinson also explored a wide range of subjects throughout her poetry, mainly writing about religion, death, and the mind (Emily DickinsonRead MoreEmily Dickinson s Influences On Writing889 Words   |  4 PagesMadison Lollar Joshua Scott ENGL-2120-C61 May 2, 2015 Emily Dickinson’s Influences in Writing:     On December 10, 1830, Emily Dickinson was born in her hometown where she would spend the rest of her life, Amherst, Massachusetts. Dickinson enjoyed writing and often credited herself on her wittiness and intelligence. She was a poet who made current events and situations the subjects of many of her writings. Although she wrote throughout her life, some of the poems were not found until after her deathRead MoreAnalysis Of Angelou s I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings984 Words   |  4 Pagesespecially in the world of literature—poetry, to be more specific. Two names come to mind when thinking of great female poets: Maya Angelou and Emily Dickinson. Even thought both of these women we’re outstanding poets, they had quite different styles of writing due to the difference in time periods, experiences, and culture. As time goes by, society is influenced in different ways due to human evolution. This was true for both Maya Angelou and Emily Dickinson. Maya Angelou was born April 4, 1928Read MoreEmily Dickinson1172 Words   |  5 PagesEmily Dickinson’s works are studied by various audiences from high school students to college scholars. Even without striving to hope that her works would impact so many generations, Dickinson has influenced many generations of poets and plays a major role in the development of American Literature. Dickinson did not become famous for her works until after her death in 1886. Not only is Emily Dickinson’s work important to the study of American Literature, most of her writings were composed duringRead Moreâ€Å"Because I could not stop for Death† and â€Å"Annabel Lee†: Similarities, Differences, and Their Authors1494 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Annabel Lee† and Emily Dickinson’s poem â€Å"Because I could not stop for D eath.† Both poems focus on the same theme of death, but while Poe’s poem reflects that death is an atrocious event because of the suffering and struggle that it provokes, Dickinson’s poem reflects that death is humane and that it should not be feared as it is inevitable. The two poems have both similarities and differences, and the themes and characteristics of each poem can be explained by the author’s influences and lives. â€Å"AlthoughRead More Emily Dickinsons Poetry About Death Essay572 Words   |  3 PagesEmily Dickinsons Poetry About Death Emily Dickinsons Poems about death grew out of her reactions to the tragic events in her personal life. In three of her poems, her style of writing reflects her way of life. I heard a Fly buzz when I died, My life closed twice before its close and I felt a Funeral in my brain all reflect on Dickinsons feelings and emotions towards death. In I felt a funeral in my Brain, Dickinson describes her own funeral in perfect detail. As if sheRead MoreAnalysis Of This Is My Letter To The World By Emily Dickinson1474 Words   |  6 Pagesattempt to isolate herself from the world and focus on her writing, Dickinson locked herself in a room of her father’s house, cutting off most contact she had with the outside world. While the ability to concentrate on her poems is a benefit she gained from this,she did so because of her insecurities and mental illness. As stated in a work of criticism, â€Å"Perhaps any artist’s biggest fear is to have one’s work rejected or ignored. Dickinson ends this poem with perhaps the same fear, evident in the formRead MoreTheme Of Human Mind By Emily Dickinson799 Words   |  4 Pagesbelief is that humans are entirely dependent on some outside influence to decide what to think. The latter concept is a state referred to as â€Å"mindlessness,† which is a contradiction in i tself (Thinking that the human mind is incapable of thought). This debate is an old one, and has been explored by authors and philosophers across time. One such explorer on this line of questioning was the famous and reclusive early American poet, Emily Dickinson. Many of Dickinson’s poems involve themes of human understandingRead MoreEmily Dickinson And Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening1772 Words   |  8 Pages One prevalent theme in poetry is that of death, which is present in both â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death† by Emily Dickinson and â€Å"Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening† by Robert Frost. Dickinson perceives death as a gentleman, while Frost perceives death as loneliness, which provides insight on how the time periods of the poems, the genders of the authors, and the authors’ personal experiences influence literature. A major factor of Emily Dickinson’s style of poetry is the time period in which

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Environmental Markets Opportunities and Risks

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Markets for Opportunities and Risks. Answer: Introduction: Thesis Statement: Critical Analysis of Business Strategies and Risk Assessment of Bunnings Warehouse and the effective role-played out by the company management in developing companys productivity. This essay would take into account the factors related with Bunnings house, mainly focusing on the way it works, the model it follows in dealing with customers, the factors that has an impact on the regular business activities of Bunnings house. Certain risk factors are also analyzed that can have a negative impact on Bunnings if not assessed properly. One of the leading household hardware chains in Australia, Bunnings Warehouse caters to the domestic needs of millions of customers in Australia. They have been leading the segment of home improvements retails and other outdoor home products. The home services that are being offered by the organization takes into account the innovative designs of kitchen, personalized splash backs. They are in the business of assisting customers with color consultancy, putting in of tailored air conditions along with the other installations of hot water. The organization has also assisted in installation of doors and accumulating of BBQ. This present assignment displays the organizational emergence along with portraying of the brunt of environmental forces within an organization. The risks that one can generally associate with Bunnings Warehouse have also been revealed along with other business rituals. The different functions of the business organization have also been included in this paper, adding to that is the Bunnings model of business. As per Ashkenas et al., (2015), the structure of the organization that are being commonly used in business takes in the part of sole trader, organization, business partnership along with trust. Bunnings Warehouse is one of those private trading groups working in Australia and New Zealand, with formerly it being founded in partnership by two brothers that gradually grew up as private trading assembly. The primary organizational partners take into account the business partners along with the other shareholders. Their main actions takes into consideration the modified bench tops, kitchen designs that are innovative in nature, along with adapted splash backs for its customers. They have been helping their customers with the installation of customized AC, installation of hot water and other installations like fancy door garden. Other main activities of the organization are assembling BBQ and consultation of color (bunnings.com.au , 2017). According to Stewart, (2016), the important resources that Bunnings take into account is the human resources, employees and other staffs who have been working assiduously for the satisfaction of customers. Certain value proposition of the organization includes the satisfaction of their customers with the quality of service, creation of goodwill and trust of consumers. The innovation that it brings in along with the design modification as per the customer needs adds up to the factor of value proposition. Bunnings, over the years have been satisfying the needs of the customers with their service types and have been building positive customer relationship. Their dedication towards providing their customers with the best possible service is immense and their personal assistance has enabled them in maintaining strong relationships. Bunnings considers service quality as determinant of satisfaction of customers, assuming that customers come into a service stumbling upon prior expectation that is being matched with real service knowledge in determining quality of service of Bunnings (Garcia, 2015). The customer is usually satisfied with the real service experience meeting expected service. Service quality has been predecessor to satisfaction of consumers. Segmentation of customers specifies the target market that the organization has in its mind for its products and services. Their main or key customers take in the multi-sided platform, as their customers comprises of both the bigger enterprises and the frequent homemakers. Bunnings have been targeting every possible customer to have a larger base that would generate enough revenue. The suppliers of Bunnings takes in the top-most and expert suppliers existing in Australia and New Zealand and as it has been working in different sectors having wide assortment of suppliers ranging in wide diversity. The company is in the process of making their customers aware of their products and services through different advertisements along with the word of mouth of loyal customers. Word-of-mouth advertisement plays a major part in advertising the product and service of the company as it spreads more than anything. The environmental forces powerfully exaggerate every business organization, where it might be external and internal. Generally, the PESTLE analysis and Porters Five forces considers the external environment. The internal analysis of any business organization is being evaluated through McKinsey 7S framework and SWOT. For Bunnings, the varied environmental factors that have an important impact on the organization through PESTLE are political factors where Bunnings is hugely affected by the instability in politics occurring in Australia along with the alterations in the government regulations. Economically, the price increase and downturn in the market and the instability in the economy have huge impacts on the business of Bunnings in negative way (Chittoor, Kale, Puranam, 2015). During times of economic instability, the habit of customers to shun away from purchasing stuffs determines the business condition. Social factors have been changing the customers way of living, entry of new competitors, cost based competition playing an indispensable role in attracting the business of Bunnings. Their changes occurs when people might be needing installation of new ACs and tailored kitchen set up integrating a boost in the Bunnings business. In case of advancements in technology, it is significant the Bunnings need to upgrade their technological aspects and integrate design innovations and ways of installing their products (Aga Francis, 2017). In case of lack in motivation Bunnings might lose out on important market share. The legal factor takes into account the framework of licensing and abidance to the countrys trading laws. There is general awareness related to green planet projects and the environment for which Bunnings need to ensure that it reduces the pollution level caused by wastes and chemicals. The impact of external environment is also dogged by the Five forces model of Porter. Porters five forces takes in power of supplier where Bunnings offers varied range of services for which it has wide range of suppliers. Its supplier power has been very strong and it has some of the best suppliers of Australia and New Zealand supplying them with raw materials. Hence, much of Bunnings fate is dependent on the supplier power. In case of threat of substitutes, Bunnings does have threats from its substitutes as its customers might opt for something else if there is any possible slip-up from the Bunnings or increase in price (Oliver 2014). For, threat of new entrants, the Bunnings business has not been affected by the new entrants threat. Bunnings is considered the market leader in Australia for which it does not feel the heat of any sort of threat of new entrants. In case of competitor rivalry, Bunnings rivalry with other organizations along with the healthy competition that exists work s as a motivation factor for the staffs of Bunnings in integrating modernizing in their services and products (Li Rama, 2015). The internal environment influences strengths that are low price, having around 250 stores spread across Australia, services that are customized in nature, product innovation and principal household hardware merchant. In case of weaknesses, requirement of online existence, service echelon is short and there is need of global existence as it maneuvers mostly in Australia and New Zealand. For opportunities, introduction of e-commerce can be of bog boost to the company. It can think of expanding to other countries that provides it with better business opportunities. As per Fritsch Changoluisa, (2017), for threats, Bunnings faces competition from similar sort of companies Bunnings faces competition from similar sort of companies, the economys instability might result in investment of lesser amounts by customers other than the usual amount, which might diminish sales. In case of McKinsey 7S framework, Bunnings structure is effective one offering competent growth scope of the organization. Bunnings integrated the innovation strategy and customer customization like the personal choices of customers receiving significance and preference (Sengupta, Balaji Krishnan, 2015). Bunnings staffs are stated to be very friendly and hard working having the skill to create innovative things, which enhances the business. Bunnings employees are highly skilled and have the intelligence power of innovating and installing thins in swift manner. Their product and service have explicit style which the organization should follow as if its authorized signature should be associated with each product of its. Bunnings system takes into account the smooth flow of operation of the company with effective suppliers and logistics system along with the competent staffs (Valenzuela, 2013). For any business, risk is a common factor, same with Bunnings too. Some of the risk that can be associated with Bunnings are poor supplier selection, where Bunnings might invite risk with poor selection of its suppliers. Bunnings is an organization that covers big areas of services and products, thereby contracting diversified needs of suppliers. Poor selection would result in poor business of Bunnings. In case of low reaction to economic changes, an organization should be able to counter to the economical changes within the country of its operations. Negligence of any sort would result in loss of productivity in business. For poor scrutinizing of competitors, Bunnings should be able to keep track of their rivals so that their competitors do not overtake them under any situation. Not having of regular monitoring would at times result in business loss for the company. The organization and businesses performs an effective role in the development of Bunnings productivity. Ample power has been given to employees of Bunnings so that they are proficient in taking proficient decisions, as and when required. The power distribution is compulsory for the thriving and meticulous working of the employees. Bunnings possess of an effective information system that is necessary in providing access to each employees. The system of information boasts of information related to the quantity and quality of the output present at workplace. The profitability and cost factor does get recorded in the information system of the company. Reward is an important segment in organization that motivates employees a great deal in putting their best efforts and helping them in working meticulously towards the attainment of organizational goals (Chittoor, Kale Puranam, 2015). Conclusion: Bunnings has huge customer base in Australia and it has been considered the biggest retailer of household hardware chains. PESTLE and Porters five forces took care of the organizations external environment whereas SWOT and McKinsey 7S framework took in the internal environment. Certain risks have also been identified like poor supplier selection and incapacity to monitor competitors in effective manner. This paper has provided an overall business context and management of Bunnings. Reference: Aga, G., Francis, D. (2017). As the market churns: productivity and firm exit in developing countries.Small Business Economics, 1-25. Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T., Kerr, S. (2015).The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. John Wiley Sons. Bunnings (2017).. Retrieved April 14, 2017, from https://www.bunnings.com.au Chittoor, R., Kale, P., Puranam, P. (2015). Business groups in developing capital markets: Towards a complementarity perspective.Strategic Management Journal,36(9), 1277-1296. Fritsch, M., Changoluisa, J. (2017). New business formation and the productivity of manufacturing incumbents: Effects and mechanisms.Journal of Business Venturing. Garcia, J. M. B. (2015).Farming in the European Union: from organic to sustainable(Doctoral dissertation, Lund University). Lhannaoui, H., Kabbaj, M. I., Bakkoury, Z. (2014, August). Analyzing risks in business process models using a deviational technique. InSoftware Engineering and Applications (ICSOFT-EA), 2014 9th International Conference on(pp. 189-194). IEEE. Li, Y., Rama, M. (2015). Firm Dynamics, Productivity Growth, and Job Creation in Developing Countries: The Role of Micro-and Small Enterprises.The World Bank Research Observer,30(1), 3-38. Oliver, R. L. (2014).Satisfaction: A behavioral perspective on the consumer. Routledge. Sengupta, A. S., Balaji, M. S., Krishnan, B. C. (2015). How customers cope with service failure? A study of brand reputation and customer satisfaction.Journal of Business Research,68(3), 665-674. Stewart, E. (2016). Environmental Markets: Opportunities and risks for business. Valenzuela, F. (2013).Marketing: A Snapshot. Pearson Higher Education AU.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The Voluntary sector is a collection of non profitable organisations Essay Example

The Voluntary sector is a collection of non profitable organisations Essay The Voluntary sector is a collection of non profitable organisations. These organisations are largely charity funded. This is, therefore, events such as sponsored events, fun days, workshops or box collections. Voluntary organisations are set up and run in the community, by the community because they felt it necessary. Organisations such as The NSPCC, (The National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children) were founded in 1889 by the Reverend Benjamin Waugh. He was determined to draw public attention to the problem of child cruelty and neglect. Reverend Benjamin Waugh did this as he saw a need in London that children were not getting the protection he felt was required. He employed 29 Inspectors, who patrolled the streets of London on their bicycles looking for vulnerable children. By doing this he felt that the vulnerable children were receiving the protection they deserved, at a time when animals were more protected by legislation than children were. We will write a custom essay sample on The Voluntary sector is a collection of non profitable organisations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Voluntary sector is a collection of non profitable organisations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Voluntary sector is a collection of non profitable organisations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Voluntary Organisations have a board of trustees or management committee. Every charity has to have one of these in order to arrange and stabilise the organisations effectively. Management committees are good safeguards. We are all accountable to someone, and within a management committee, it is a chance to air your views and off-loaded any opinions you may have. For instance; if you were working for the charity MIND, which is a befriending scheme for individuals who have suffered a mental health problem or encountering emotional difficulties; the board of committees are there in order to relieve any concerns you may have about your client, to suggest new ideas for the organisation in fundraising, or raising awareness. A statutory agency is an organisation in which the law has implemented it has to be there. So therefore is an agency largely run by the government. Agencys such as the hospitals or prisons for example. In order for any organisations to be run successfully, it needs funding. A local Youth group will ask a small supplement for entrance. This is in order to pay for perhaps soft beverages, snacks or the rent of the property. As an example, the Guiding and Scout Movement have their weekly fees in order to supply the youths with a hall to meet in each week, badges for their achievements, accessories for their weekly activities and also the insurance for each child attending. The standard rate may not cover the cost, so the organisation will fundraise with events such as jumble sales or sponsored events. Without the funding, the organisation will simply not be able to carry on. However larger organisations are becoming increasingly funded by contracts. A contract is where a statutory agency will fund a voluntary organisation for perhaps six months or more. The NHS (National Health Service) is a statutory agency. They help fund organisations such as Cancer research. As a result of the NHS and the Community Care Act which came into effect in 1990, voluntary organisations are becoming increasingly involved in contracts to help the development of their services. Due to these contracts, many have seen existing statutory funding being formalised, and the rules and specifications becoming tighter with increased accountability. Charities and voluntary organisations have traditionally been at the forefront of social change in Britain. They have done so by conducting carefully orchestrated campaigns to change the views of politicians and other important decision makers. In the past there have been two models of campaigning. Firstly the inside track, whereby charities have tried to use their influence, reputation and contacts to convince the civil servants and politicians of their cause. The second approach has been more adversarial or confrontational: using the media to expose the issues in public, thereby pressurising politicians by using the weight of the public opinion. If a charities voice is going to be heard it needs to develop far reaching alliances and secure the endorsement of other public interest groups. Campaigners have always needed to illustrate public support for their cause. Today they need to go further. They must show that there is deep rooted and widespread concern for their issues. Grassroots support and local support networks are therefore crucial. (Adam Woolf.2001, The Guardian.)